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Chapter XIV – Dandruff and Oily Scalps

Chapter XIV of The Story of Hair shifts toward a more medical and physiological topic.

Charles Nessler focuses here on:

👉 dandruff and oily scalp conditions

Rather than treating these as diseases, he attempts to explain them as:

  • natural processes

  • imbalances in scalp function

  • and results of gland activity

This chapter is important because it challenges common assumptions about scalp health.

The Role of the Sebaceous Gland

Nessler begins with a biological explanation:

👉 the sebaceous gland produces fat (sebum)

Process:

  • gland secretes oil into the follicle

  • oil travels along the hair shaft

  • it protects and lubricates the hair

if properly balanced → hair remains flexible and healthy

When the System Becomes Unbalanced

Problems arise when:

👉 the gland produces too little or too much oil

Two outcomes:

1. Too little oil

  • hair becomes dry

  • loses gloss

  • becomes brittle

2. Too much oil

  • excess fat accumulates

  • forced out onto scalp

  • creates visible residue

Dandruff as a Natural Process

One of Nessler’s key claims:

👉 dandruff is not necessarily a disease

He explains:

  • dandruff = dried scalp material

  • formed when oil accumulates and hardens

  • appears as flakes

“It is important to recognize that dandruff is a normal scalp condition and not a disease.”

The Role of Scratching

Nessler observes:

  • children scratch → flakes loosen → disappear

  • adults suppress scratching → buildup remains

👉 Result:

  • visible dandruff increases

Difference Between Dry and Oily Conditions

He distinguishes clearly:

Dry dandruff

  • manageable

  • removable with brushing

Oily scalp

  • more problematic

  • requires frequent cleansing

  • can lead to buildup

👉 Important:

Oily scalp is considered the more serious condition.

Accumulation and Blockage

Nessler explains a key mechanism:

👉 accumulation creates a barrier

Process:

  • dandruff forms crust

  • blocks oil flow

  • prevents normal secretion

Result:

  • imbalance increases

  • condition worsens

Critique of Chemical Treatments

Nessler is critical of treatments:

  • chemical lotions

  • sulphur-based products

  • aggressive scalp applications

He argues:

  • they dissolve fat temporarily

  • but disturb natural balance

  • may worsen long-term condition

Recommended Treatment Approach

His suggested method is surprisingly simple:

👉 absorption and regulation

Example:

  • use absorbent materials (paper pads)

  • remove excess oil

  • allow glands to normalize

He emphasizes:

  • gradual correction

  • not aggressive treatment

Important Distinction

Nessler makes a key point:

👉 dandruff ≠ disease

He warns:

  • treating it aggressively can cause harm

  • many treatments worsen the condition

removing dandruff artificially can damage the scalp

Conclusion of Chapter XIV

Key ideas:

  • sebaceous glands regulate scalp health

  • dandruff is a natural byproduct

  • imbalance causes visible issues

  • aggressive treatment is harmful

  • gentle regulation is preferred

Modern Scientific Perspective

Modern dermatology provides a different explanation.

✔️ What is correct:

  • sebaceous glands play a key role ✔

  • oily scalp can cause buildup ✔

  • imbalance leads to visible symptoms ✔

❌ What is outdated:

  • dandruff is not just a natural process ❌

  • microorganisms are ignored ❌

Modern explanation

Dandruff is mainly caused by:

  • Malassezia yeast (fungus)

  • scalp oil interaction

  • inflammation response

Modern treatment

  • antifungal shampoos

  • medicated treatments

  • controlled scalp care

What remains relevant

Nessler’s strongest insight:

👉 over-treatment can worsen scalp conditions

Das ist bis heute absolut gültig.

Final Interpretation

Chapter XIV shows Nessler in a more observational and physiological role.

He moves toward:

  • body function

  • gland activity

  • natural balance

👉 weg von Ideologie → hin zu Körperprozessen

OPTIONAL SECTION

Chapter 15 
Chapter 13

Back to Overview
→ The Permanent Wave – Invention, Method and Impact

 

Below you find the original scanned version of Chapter XIV from The Story of Hair by Charles Nessler.

Download Chapter XIV (Original Scan, 1928)

International Research Project on the Permanent Wave

This website is part of an ongoing historical research project on the development of the permanent wave and the life of Charles Nessler (1872–1951).

The aim of this digital project is to document the history of the permanent wave in a comprehensive and source-based way.

The research includes:

  • biographical milestones

  • historical documents and press sources

  • patents and technical developments

  • international networks within the hairdressing profession

The archive is continuously expanding and based on ongoing research in European and international archives.


View the German archive (nessler-dauerwelle.de)


Armin Wolfarth
 

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