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Chapter XVI – Hair Dyes, Bleaches and Mange Cures
 

Chapter XVI of The Story of Hair concludes Charles Nessler’s practical exploration of hair.

In this final section, he turns to:

👉 hair dyes, bleaching methods, and treatment practices

This chapter combines:

  • chemistry

  • practical hair treatment

  • and strong criticism of misleading methods

It serves as a bridge between early cosmetic science and modern hair technology.
 

The Purpose of Hair Coloring

Nessler begins by defining why hair is treated chemically:

👉 to alter appearance without changing structure

He distinguishes between:

  • natural hair condition

  • artificial colour modification

Hair colouring is presented as:

👉 a cosmetic process, not a biological improvement
 

Bleaching: Removing Natural Pigment

Nessler explains bleaching as:

👉 the removal of natural colour from hair

Process:

  • chemicals break down pigment

  • hair becomes lighter

  • structure remains but is weakened

He notes that bleaching:

  • alters the outer layer

  • affects texture

  • can damage the fibre
     

Chemical Effects on Hair Structure

A key point:

👉 chemical treatments do not improve hair

Instead, they:

  • modify appearance

  • weaken structure

  • change physical properties

He emphasizes:

  • repeated treatments → cumulative damage

  • overuse → loss of strength and elasticity
     

Hair Dyes and Artificial Colour

Nessler distinguishes bleaching from dyeing:

Bleaching

  • removes pigment

Dyeing

  • adds artificial colour

He explains that dyes:

  • coat or penetrate the hair

  • change visible appearance

  • do not affect internal growth

👉 Important:

Hair colour ≠ hair health

Limitations of Hair Treatments

A central theme:

👉 cosmetic treatment does not equal biological change

Nessler argues:

  • dyed hair is not “improved”

  • bleached hair is not “healthier”

  • appearance can be misleading

This aligns with his broader view:

👉 external treatment has limits
 

Critique of Misleading Products

Nessler continues his criticism of the industry.

He highlights:

  • exaggerated claims

  • misleading advertising

  • confusion between treatment and illusion

Examples include:

  • products that claim to restore hair

  • substances that only alter colour

  • treatments marketed as “curative”

Mange Cures as an Example

Nessler revisits a theme from earlier chapters:

👉 treatments for mange (skin disease in animals)

He explains:

  • hair regrowth occurs after disease removal

  • not because of “growth stimulation”

  • but because normal function is restored

👉 Important distinction:

Treatment removes cause—not creates growth
 

Surface vs System

This chapter reinforces a key idea:

👉 difference between surface treatment and internal condition

He argues:

  • dyes and bleaches affect only the surface

  • real hair production occurs internally

  • external methods cannot replace internal balance
     

Hair Damage Through Treatment

Nessler warns about:

  • overprocessing

  • repeated chemical exposure

  • misuse of products

He notes that:

  • hair becomes brittle

  • loses elasticity

  • breaks more easily

👉 Long-term effect:

visible deterioration despite improved appearance
 

Cosmetics vs Reality

A key conclusion:

👉 cosmetic improvement can hide underlying issues

Hair may appear:

  • darker

  • smoother

  • healthier

while actually being:

  • weakened

  • chemically altered

  • structurally compromised
     

Conclusion of Chapter XVI

Chapter XVI completes Nessler’s practical discussion of hair.

Key ideas:

  • chemical treatments alter appearance, not biology

  • bleaching removes pigment but damages hair

  • dyes create colour but not strength

  • many products are misleading

  • real hair health depends on internal factors
     

Modern Scientific Perspective

Modern science confirms many of Nessler’s observations—while refining the details.

✔️ What is correct:

  • bleaching damages hair structure ✔

  • dyes alter appearance, not growth ✔

  • repeated chemical treatment weakens hair ✔

  • cosmetic results can be misleading ✔
     

❌ What is outdated:

  • lack of understanding of modern formulations ❌

  • no distinction between different dye technologies ❌
     

Modern hair chemistry

Today’s treatments include:

  • oxidative dyes

  • semi-permanent colours

  • controlled bleaching systems

  • conditioning agents

Modern products aim to:

  • reduce damage

  • protect structure

  • improve appearance safely
     

What remains true today

Nessler’s strongest insight:

👉 cosmetics ≠ biological improvement

Even today:

  • colour does not strengthen hair

  • treatments do not create new follicles

  • appearance can hide damage
     

Final Interpretation

Chapter XVI closes the practical part of the book.

Nessler emphasizes:

  • realism

  • limits of intervention

  • importance of understanding

Hair is presented as:

👉 a system that can be modified—but not fundamentally changed from the outside
 

OPTIONAL SECTION

Chapter 17 
Chapter 15

Back to Overview

→ The Permanent Wave – Invention, Method and Impact
 

Below you find the original scanned version of Chapter XVI from The Story of Hair by Charles Nessler.

Download Chapter XVI (Original Scan, 1928)

International Research Project on the Permanent Wave

This website is part of an ongoing historical research project on the development of the permanent wave and the life of Charles Nessler (1872–1951).

The aim of this digital project is to document the history of the permanent wave in a comprehensive and source-based way.

The research includes:

  • biographical milestones

  • historical documents and press sources

  • patents and technical developments

  • international networks within the hairdressing profession

The archive is continuously expanding and based on ongoing research in European and international archives.


View the German archive (nessler-dauerwelle.de)
View Nestlé-LemurCompany (nestle-lemur.com)

Contact us

This research project is made possible by people who are willing to share their knowledge.

Do you have historical documents, photographs, letters, newspaper articles, family records, or personal memories relating to Charles (Karl Ludwig) Nessler, his family, his companies, or the history of the hairdressing profession?

I would be delighted to hear from you. Every piece of information is carefully reviewed and may help preserve the history of Charles Nessler and the development of the permanent wave for future generations.

All information will, of course, be treated confidentially. If you wish, sources, loaned materials, or contributors will be acknowledged in future publications.

Thank you very much for your support.

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