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Chapter XII – Measuring Our Hair Production
 

Chapter XII of The Story of Hair marks a noticeable shift in Charles Nessler’s work.

After extensive theoretical arguments in earlier chapters, Nessler now turns toward a more practical and technical question:

👉 how can hair growth be measured accurately?

This chapter introduces methods, tools, and calculations intended to transform hair from a subject of speculation into something that can be quantified and compared.

Hair Growth as a Measurable Process

Nessler begins with a general observation:

human hair grows on average about half an inch per month

He acknowledges:

  • individual variation exists

  • coarse hair grows faster than fine hair

  • scalp conditions can differ

👉 Important shift:

Hair is no longer just symbolic—it becomes a measurable biological output.
 

Establishing Growth Rate

To measure hair production, Nessler proposes a practical method:

  • select small areas of the scalp

  • shave, bleach, or mark them

  • allow new hair to grow

  • measure the regrowth over time

👉 Key idea:

Hair closest to the scalp represents new production and can be used as a reliable indicator.
 

Measuring Scalp Area

A major part of the chapter focuses on determining total scalp surface.

Nessler introduces:

  • geometric diagrams of the head

  • division into measurable sections

  • standardized measurement lines

👉 Example from the diagrams:

  • ear-to-ear measurement

  • crown line

  • neck width

  • forehead width

These measurements are then combined to calculate total scalp area.
 

Original Method (Diagram-Based Measurement)

Nessler suggests:

  • dividing the scalp into geometric shapes

  • calculating areas using triangles and rectangles

  • combining them into total square inches

He notes:

  • adult scalp area varies roughly between 95 and 140 square inches

👉 This is one of the most technical sections of the entire book.
 

Hair Density and Distribution

Next, he addresses density:

  • number of hairs per square inch

  • variation across the scalp

He observes:

  • hair is denser near the crown

  • less dense near edges

👉 Important:

Density must be measured separately from growth rate
 

From Length to Volume

Nessler moves from simple growth to total production.

He combines:

  • hair length

  • density

  • scalp area

to calculate:

👉 total yearly hair production

Example (from his calculation):

  • average growth → 6 inches per year

  • combined with density → measurable volume
     

Weight as the Key Measurement

One of his most important conclusions:

👉 weight is the most accurate way to measure hair

“This calculation of hair produce by weight is the only truly accurate method.”

He explains:

  • hair bundles can be weighed under pressure

  • density and volume translate into grams

Example:

  • approx. 11 grams per cubic inch of hair
     

Special Measurement Tools

Nessler even introduces specific instruments:

Tool “A”

  • adjustable square frame

  • isolates a defined scalp area

Tool “B”

  • measuring slit device

  • records hair length precisely

👉 These tools allow:

  • consistent measurement

  • repeatable results
     

Difficult Cases

Nessler also addresses complications:

  • thinning hair

  • bald areas

  • uneven density

In such cases:

  • hair must be shaved and regrown

  • measurements taken over time

  • additional body areas (arms, chest) may be included

  • ​

Purpose of Measurement

The goal of this system:

👉 create a scientific basis for comparison

He argues:

  • without measurement → no real knowledge

  • observation alone is unreliable

“How can one judge of loss or gain without a scientific basis of comparison?”
 

Conclusion of Chapter XII

Chapter XII represents one of the most practical sections of the book.

Nessler’s key ideas:

  • hair growth can be measured systematically

  • scalp area, density, and length must be combined

  • weight provides the most accurate result

  • scientific measurement is essential for understanding hair

This chapter attempts to move hair research from theory into quantifiable science.
 

Modern Scientific Perspective

Modern science confirms part of Nessler’s approach—but with important refinements.

✔️ What is valid:

  • hair growth can be measured ✔

  • density varies across the scalp ✔

  • scientific measurement is essential ✔

❌ What is outdated:

  • simplified geometric scalp models ❌

  • weight as primary measurement ❌

  • lack of microscopic analysis ❌
     

Modern methods include:

  • phototrichograms

  • digital scalp imaging

  • follicle density analysis

  • growth cycle tracking

Today, hair measurement is:

👉 precise, standardized, and technology-driven

​

What remains important

Nessler’s key contribution here:

👉 he insists on measurement over speculation

This marks a turning point:

  • from theory → to method

  • from observation → to data
     

OPTIONAL SECTION

→ Chapter 13 
→ Chapter 11

→ Back to Overview
→ 
The Permanent Wave – Invention, Method and Impact
 

Below you find the original scanned version of Chapter XII from The Story of Hair by Charles Nessler.

Download Chapter XII (Original Scan, 1928)

International Research Project on the Permanent Wave

This website is part of an ongoing historical research project on the development of the permanent wave and the life of Charles Nessler (1872–1951).

The aim of this digital project is to document the history of the permanent wave in a comprehensive and source-based way.

The research includes:

  • biographical milestones

  • historical documents and press sources

  • patents and technical developments

  • international networks within the hairdressing profession

The archive is continuously expanding and based on ongoing research in European and international archives.


View the German archive (nessler-dauerwelle.de)
View Nestlé-LemurCompany (nestle-lemur.com)

French-language research blog – De la Forêt-Noire au monde

Contact us

This research project is made possible by people who are willing to share their knowledge.

Do you have historical documents, photographs, letters, newspaper articles, family records, or personal memories relating to Charles (Karl Ludwig) Nessler, his family, his companies, or the history of the hairdressing profession?

I would be delighted to hear from you. Every piece of information is carefully reviewed and may help preserve the history of Charles Nessler and the development of the permanent wave for future generations.

All information will, of course, be treated confidentially. If you wish, sources, loaned materials, or contributors will be acknowledged in future publications.

Thank you very much for your support.

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